Poland Border Closure Disrupts Key China-Europe Rail Freight

Forbes reports that Poland has indefinitely closed its border with Belarus, disrupting a vital segment of the China-Europe Railway Express. This closure significantly impacts approximately 90% of EU-bound Chinese rail cargo. The shutdown, which began on September 11, is a direct response to the Zapad 2025 military drills conducted by Russia and Belarus, which notably included a simulated nuclear strike. The closure specifically affects the Małaszewicze-Brest junction, the primary point where rail gauges change between Belarus and the European Union. This hub is critical for most trains destined for Central and Eastern Europe. Polish officials have characterized the decision as adopting a new "logic of security." This marks the first instance of rail traffic being restricted, in addition to existing limitations on road transport. Poland's Interior Minister, Marcin Kierwiński, stated that the border will remain closed until "the safety of Poles is guaranteed and no provocations threaten us." This rail corridor is a significant component of China's Belt and Road Initiative. Its importance has grown as businesses have sought alternatives to congested sea routes. Polish government data indicates that cargo volume on this route increased by 10.6% in 2024. Shipment values rose by 85% to over €25 billion ($29 billion), generating 740 million zloty ($200 million) in Polish customs duties. The disruption is anticipated to have a considerable impact on global supply chains. This is particularly true for e-commerce platforms such as Temu and Shein, which rely on the speed of the land route. Polish rail operators, including PKP Cargo, have warned that prolonged closures will necessitate costly rerouting via maritime shipping or southern land corridors. While China has explored an Arctic maritime route, it is not expected to replace established shipping channels in the near future.